Hornworms on Tomatoes
Anyone who has gardened for several years has heard of hornworms on tomatoes. These caterpillars are the larval form of sphinx moths and belong to the Sphingidae family. In Kansas there are two hornworms that can cause problems on tomatoes, the tomato hornworm and the tobacco hornworm. Tomato hornworms come in various shades of green with eight yellow chevons and a black tail while the adults have five yellow spots on their abdomen and distinct wavy lines on their wings, the tobacco hornworm is various shades green with seven diagonal stripes and a red tail (see photo above) while the moth has six yellow spots on their abdomen and obscured wavy lines on their wings.
In Kansas there are two generations of these moths throughout the summer with the insects overwintering as pupa in the soil. The adults emerge in mid-June and start to lay eggs soon after. The preferred food sources include potatoes, eggplant, tomatoes and moonflowers. The larvae will feed for 30-50 days before pupating to become adults. The larvae have voracious appetites and plants with multiple caterpillars can be defoliated almost overnight. Because of their color they can be very hard to spot on the plants as they blend in with the leaves. The best control is monitoring your plants, removing any leaves that have eggs on them and then removing the caterpillars once you first notice damage. Insecticides are rarely needed as the caterpillars can be hand picked off the plants and killed. There are also several natural predators that parasitize the caterpillars and kill them before they cause too much damage.
